美國軟件工程師神秘消失之謎

????Bright公司的報告還有一個讓數(shù)據(jù)分析師們感到驚訝的地方，那就是不管在哪個領(lǐng)域，持H-1B簽證的外國技術(shù)人員的平均工資都要高于該領(lǐng)域的中值。如果說科技企業(yè)給H-1B簽證持有者的工資比較低的話，那還比較好理解，畢竟企業(yè)還為這些外籍員工提供了額外擔保。但是這份分析顯示，外籍員工的工資只高不低。

????大家可能認為，這恰恰證明這些外籍員工對于企業(yè)的價值有多么高。正因為各個公司搶著要他們，所以他們提出的工資水平也比美國同行高一些。

????但我們也可以從另一個角度看這個問題。美國政府要求，企業(yè)付給H-1B簽證持有者的工資水平應(yīng)該是其所在領(lǐng)域的中等水平。如果對H-1B簽證需求量最大的是低薪的系統(tǒng)分析師崗位，那么企業(yè)有可能是故意公布這些低薪工作，吸引那些技術(shù)極為熟練、但又極為向往在美國工作的編程人員。

????顯然企業(yè)在通過選擇性公布工作崗位來濫用H-1B簽證政策。他們?yōu)槭裁床辉谶@個過程中省些錢呢？

????H-1B簽證的最大用戶并不是那些呼吁增加此類簽證的科技公司，而是那些雇傭了外籍員工，然后把他們“借”給其他企業(yè)的外包公司。

????那么，為什么有那么多的科技企業(yè)CEO跟在游說組織fud.us后頭，試圖說服政府增加H-1B簽證數(shù)量呢？通過對大量數(shù)據(jù)的無偏分析，Bright公司排除了毫不利己、專門利人的原因——Bright公司自己就有兩名H-1B員工。

????政策制定者們應(yīng)該認真調(diào)查企業(yè)對于外籍科技員工的實際需求量，以及企業(yè)試圖雇傭外籍員工的動機。作為一個好的開始，政府不妨首先嚴格檢查這些企業(yè)提供的工作崗位、實際角色，以及H-1B員工的真實工資水平，看看這項計劃是否真的變成了一個變相降低工資的工具。

????此外，不妨對雇傭本國員工和外籍員工的成本做一個分析比較。雇傭一個H-1B外籍員工的成本大概是5000美元，而雇傭美國員工的成本則是它的四倍之多。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：樸成奎?

????Another aspect of Bright's report that surprised the data scientists was that the average salary for H-1B workers was higher than the median in each field. It would make sense that an employer would try to offer a lower salary to an employee it helped move to the United States since that employee also gains the benefit of getting sponsored, but the analysis found the opposite.

????You could argue that this is evidence that these foreign workers are particularly valuable to their employers. The competition to recruit them is so fierce that they are actually commanding higher wages than their American counterparts.

????But you can also look at the results another way. The government requires companies to pay H-1B workers the median wage for the positions they fill. If the top position filled by H-1Bs is the lower-paid systems analyst position, it's possible that companies might be publicly posting openings for lower-wage jobs and filling them with extremely skilled programmers who are eager to work in the U.S.

????It's clear that employers are misusing the H-1B program based on the types of jobs they are looking to fill. Why wouldn't they try to save some cash in the process?

????The biggest users of these visas are not the tech companies that are calling for an increase in the quotas. They are outsourcing firms that hire foreign workers and loan them to other companies.

????So why are so many tech CEOs getting behind fwd.us, the organization lobbying to increase the number of H-1B visas? Through largely unbiased analysis of a huge quantity of data, Bright -- which employs two H-1B workers -- seems to have ruled out the more altruistic reasons.

????Policymakers ought to probe the need for foreign technology workers and the intentions of those looking to hire them. A good start would be a close examination of the job titles, the actual roles, and the actual salaries of H-1B workers to see if this program has actually become a tool to drive down wages.

????It's also a good to idea to do a cost analysis of hiring domestically vs. internationally. The cost of hiring an H-1B worker is about $5,000. Using a recruiter for a domestic hire costs four times as much.