美國車企祖傳8宗罪

5.銷量靠批發

如果大家只看新聞標題，難免會認為日本人是靠利潤微薄的批量銷售來推高銷量的，而底特律三巨頭卻正壯士斷腕般地削減批量銷售。比如“車界內幕”（The Truth About Cars）這個博客就稱：“七月份，底特律三大廠商都稱批量銷售額下降，而日產汽車（Nissan）、豐田汽車（Toyota）和現代-起亞汽車（Hyundai-Kia）的批量銷售額卻大幅上升。”不過，如果你繼續讀下去就會發現，底特律車企是從峰值上逐漸下滑的，而這些亞洲廠商卻是從很低的基數開始逐步上升的。比如七月份福特有22%的批量銷售，而豐田僅有5%。向租車公司批量銷售這一做法一直就飽受詬病，它會影響新車銷售，也會損害殘值。新的勞動合同被認為有助于底特律車企逐漸減少批量銷售，但積習難改、本性難移啊。

5. Relying on fleet sales

If you just read the headlines, you'd think that the Japanese were inflating their sales numbers with low-margin fleet sales, while the Detroit Three were heroically tapering off. "All three domestic American automakers reported declining fleet sales in July while they were up significantly at Nissan, Toyota, and Hyundai-Kia," reports The Truth About Cars blog. But if you read a little further, you discover that Detroit is coming off a peak, while the Asians are moving up from a very low base. Some 22% of Ford's sales went into fleets in July, while only 5% of Toyota's did. Fleet sales to daily rental companies are a much-maligned practice that sap new car sales and undermine residual values. New labor contracts were supposed to help Detroit gradually withdraw from the business, but old habits are hard to break.