如何遏制大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)上漲風(fēng)潮

????如今，收入不均越演越烈。在這樣的背景下，美國(guó)人民應(yīng)該清醒意識(shí)到，當(dāng)只有富人和特權(quán)人群能負(fù)擔(dān)起高等教育的時(shí)候，我們的處境會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化。因?yàn)橛醒芯匡@示，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生一生能多賺100萬(wàn)美元。

????現(xiàn)實(shí)中有了改善院校籌款系統(tǒng)的方案，但是首先，重要的是，學(xué)生們要成為精明的消費(fèi)者。奧巴馬針對(duì)高昂的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)提出一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，引入“大學(xué)計(jì)分卡”，根據(jù)大學(xué)的債務(wù)水平和畢業(yè)生就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，而非聲望和營(yíng)銷(xiāo)花樣，來(lái)對(duì)大學(xué)進(jìn)行排名。我們終于邁出了關(guān)鍵的一步。但是政府又表示，上面說(shuō)的這種大學(xué)排名方法要等到2015年才開(kāi)始實(shí)行，2018年才會(huì)開(kāi)始問(wèn)責(zé)。太遲了。再說(shuō)，沒(méi)人敢保證，下一屆總統(tǒng)一定會(huì)執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。也沒(méi)人敢保證，各大學(xué)的游說(shuō)團(tuán)體最終會(huì)不會(huì)破壞這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

????學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)在就該組織起來(lái)，采取類(lèi)似“俄勒岡后付學(xué)費(fèi)”計(jì)劃（Oregon's Pay It Forward ）的堅(jiān)定行動(dòng)。這個(gè)計(jì)劃要求州立學(xué)院和大學(xué)免除學(xué)費(fèi)，作為回報(bào)，學(xué)生在畢業(yè)后24年里將收入的3%付給學(xué)校。可供成千上萬(wàn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的大型網(wǎng)上公開(kāi)課（Massive Open Online Courses ，縮寫(xiě)MOOCs）也是降低成本的好辦法，而且部分院校已經(jīng)開(kāi)始采用。這類(lèi)公開(kāi)課及俄勒岡計(jì)劃將有助遏制不斷膨脹的高校教育買(mǎi)賣(mài)，最終扭轉(zhuǎn)高校偏愛(ài)富家子弟的局面。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????本文作者馬太.?席格爾是OurTime.org的共同創(chuàng)始人兼總裁。OurTime.org是一家通過(guò)在線組織、新媒體和大眾文化等方式反映美國(guó)年輕人政治訴求的全國(guó)性非盈利組織。

????譯者：侯婕???

????In light of growing income inequality, it's time for Americans to realize we're all worse off when only the wealthy and privileged can afford a higher education; this is because studies show that college graduates will earn about $1 million more over the course of their lifetimes.

????There are some excellent proposals in place to ameliorate our system of college financing, but first, it's important for students to recognize that they also must be smart consumers. President Obama's latest plan to reduce higher education costs calls for a "college scorecard" that will rate colleges based on their debt levels and job placement statistics as opposed to prestige and marketing allure. This is a great first step, but the Administration also said it won't start rating colleges until 2015 and will not hold them accountable until 2018. This is much too late, and who knows whether the next President will implement this plan or whether college lobbyists will ultimately destroy the measure.

????It's time for students and their parents to organize in favor of bold measures such as Oregon's Pay It Forward program, which would eliminate tuition at state public colleges and universities in exchange for students paying 3% of their income back to the schools over the course of 24 years after graduating. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), which open curriculums to thousands, are another promising measure to lower costs that some colleges are embracing. Approaches like this and Oregon's will help curb the booming business of college, and ultimately end their complicit role in engendering a system that favors the kids of the wealthy.

????Matthew Segal is co-founder and president of OurTime.org, a nationwide non-profit organization that leverages online organizing, new media, and popular culture to enhance the political voice of young Americans.