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          美國通脹率創40年新高,但經濟學家預測實際可能更糟

          WILL DANIEL
          2022-03-21

          經濟學家警告,消費者的生活成本可能繼續增加。

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          2月,美國通脹率升至40多年來的新高,物價上漲使消費者受到嚴重影響。

          據勞工統計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics,BLS)的數據顯示,消費物價指數(CPI)同比上漲7.9%,為1982年1月以來的最高水平。CPI衡量了普通美國人使用的各類商品和服務的價格。

          消費物價僅2月就上漲了0.8%。這超出了道瓊斯(Dow Jones)調查的經濟學家們之前的預估。據CNBC報道,經濟學家們曾預測消費物價將環比上漲0.7%,年同比上漲7.8%。

          食品價格是引發通脹率上升的主要原因之一,家庭食品價格同比上漲8.6%,這是自2020年4月疫情初期以來的單月最大漲幅。

          能源價格同比漲幅達到驚人的25.6%,2月環比上漲了3.5%,許多經濟學家預測能源價格將繼續走高。

          雖然食品和汽油價格波動確實推動了通脹率升高,但核心通脹率上升6.4%,表明目前美國的物價正在全面上漲。核心通脹率衡量了不含能源和食品的CPI變化。

          經濟學家警告,消費者的生活成本可能繼續增加。

          劍橋大學王后學院(Queen’s College Cambridge)院長、對沖基金Gramercy Funds高級顧問穆罕默德·埃里安在周四寫道:“幾周前,人們還希望這些數據代表本輪通脹已達到高潮。但現在沒有人這樣想。面對眾多的價格壓力,即使目前通脹率已經升至40年新高,未來依舊可能繼續升高。”

          2月底,俄羅斯在烏克蘭發起軍事行動,因此專家警告,最新的通脹數據并沒有完全體現世界經濟的混亂局面。

          咨詢機構Naroff Economics LLC的首席經濟學家喬爾·納羅夫周四對《華爾街日報》表示:“我們以為,尤其是隨著全球供應鏈問題得到解決,通脹率必定下降,但我們沒有預料到在烏克蘭發生的狀況會再次引發供應鏈緊張。”

          俄烏沖突爆發后,汽油價格暴漲,可能導致下個月的通脹率持續攀升。

          布朗奇謝恩財富管理公司(Blanke Schein Wealth Management)首席投資官羅伯特·沙因對雅虎財經表示:“周四的通脹數據進一步證實,通脹上漲既不是暫時性的,也沒有達到最高點。周四公布的是二月的通脹數據,并沒有考慮到三月初的油價暴漲。”

          盡管物價飆升,但工資水平似乎并沒有同步上漲。

          勞工統計局的數據顯示,2月,由于消費物價上漲,通脹調整后平均時薪下降了0.8%,較去年同比下降了2.6%。

          銀率網(Bankrate)首席金融分析師格雷格·麥克布萊德周二在一封郵件中寫道:“薪酬的逐步上漲,與美國家庭面臨的租金、食品、電力、汽油等各類商品和服務的成本上漲并不同步。美國人的購買力每天都在下降,這一點從低迷的消費者信心數據中可見一斑。”

          去年,汽車成本上漲一度推高了通脹率,近期確實表現出上漲速度放緩的跡象。二手車和卡車價格環比下降0.2%,這是自2021年9月以來首次環比下降。但同比漲幅依舊高達41.2%,而新車價格也同比上漲了12.4%,令消費者頭痛不已。

          隨著奧密克戎疫情引發的恐慌逐漸消除,政府解除疫情限制措施,增加了航空出行,使機票價格同比上漲了5.2%,2月的漲幅較1月提高了一倍以上。機票價格還可能繼續上漲,因為隨著俄羅斯石油遭到制裁,未來幾個月航空燃油價格預計將大幅上漲。

          2月,房價同比上漲4.7%。

          周四上午最新通脹數據發布之后,美國總統拜登很快發表了一份聲明,宣揚美國就業市場正在強勢復蘇,并將最近的物價上漲歸咎于俄羅斯。

          “本月通脹的一個重要因素是石油和能源價格上漲,這是源于市場對普京之激進行動的反應,”拜登寫道。“但美國人民要知道一點:我們對普京及其親信施加的代價,遠比我們面臨的代價更具破壞性。”(財富中文網)

          譯者:劉進龍

          審校:汪皓

          2月,美國通脹率升至40多年來的新高,物價上漲使消費者受到嚴重影響。

          據勞工統計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics,BLS)的數據顯示,消費物價指數(CPI)同比上漲7.9%,為1982年1月以來的最高水平。CPI衡量了普通美國人使用的各類商品和服務的價格。

          消費物價僅2月就上漲了0.8%。這超出了道瓊斯(Dow Jones)調查的經濟學家們之前的預估。據CNBC報道,經濟學家們曾預測消費物價將環比上漲0.7%,年同比上漲7.8%。

          食品價格是引發通脹率上升的主要原因之一,家庭食品價格同比上漲8.6%,這是自2020年4月疫情初期以來的單月最大漲幅。

          能源價格同比漲幅達到驚人的25.6%,2月環比上漲了3.5%,許多經濟學家預測能源價格將繼續走高。

          雖然食品和汽油價格波動確實推動了通脹率升高,但核心通脹率上升6.4%,表明目前美國的物價正在全面上漲。核心通脹率衡量了不含能源和食品的CPI變化。

          經濟學家警告,消費者的生活成本可能繼續增加。

          劍橋大學王后學院(Queen’s College Cambridge)院長、對沖基金Gramercy Funds高級顧問穆罕默德·埃里安在周四寫道:“幾周前,人們還希望這些數據代表本輪通脹已達到高潮。但現在沒有人這樣想。面對眾多的價格壓力,即使目前通脹率已經升至40年新高,未來依舊可能繼續升高。”

          2月底,俄羅斯在烏克蘭發起軍事行動,因此專家警告,最新的通脹數據并沒有完全體現世界經濟的混亂局面。

          咨詢機構Naroff Economics LLC的首席經濟學家喬爾·納羅夫周四對《華爾街日報》表示:“我們以為,尤其是隨著全球供應鏈問題得到解決,通脹率必定下降,但我們沒有預料到在烏克蘭發生的狀況會再次引發供應鏈緊張。”

          俄烏沖突爆發后,汽油價格暴漲,可能導致下個月的通脹率持續攀升。

          布朗奇謝恩財富管理公司(Blanke Schein Wealth Management)首席投資官羅伯特·沙因對雅虎財經表示:“周四的通脹數據進一步證實,通脹上漲既不是暫時性的,也沒有達到最高點。周四公布的是二月的通脹數據,并沒有考慮到三月初的油價暴漲。”

          盡管物價飆升,但工資水平似乎并沒有同步上漲。

          勞工統計局的數據顯示,2月,由于消費物價上漲,通脹調整后平均時薪下降了0.8%,較去年同比下降了2.6%。

          銀率網(Bankrate)首席金融分析師格雷格·麥克布萊德周二在一封郵件中寫道:“薪酬的逐步上漲,與美國家庭面臨的租金、食品、電力、汽油等各類商品和服務的成本上漲并不同步。美國人的購買力每天都在下降,這一點從低迷的消費者信心數據中可見一斑。”

          去年,汽車成本上漲一度推高了通脹率,近期確實表現出上漲速度放緩的跡象。二手車和卡車價格環比下降0.2%,這是自2021年9月以來首次環比下降。但同比漲幅依舊高達41.2%,而新車價格也同比上漲了12.4%,令消費者頭痛不已。

          隨著奧密克戎疫情引發的恐慌逐漸消除,政府解除疫情限制措施,增加了航空出行,使機票價格同比上漲了5.2%,2月的漲幅較1月提高了一倍以上。機票價格還可能繼續上漲,因為隨著俄羅斯石油遭到制裁,未來幾個月航空燃油價格預計將大幅上漲。

          2月,房價同比上漲4.7%。

          周四上午最新通脹數據發布之后,美國總統拜登很快發表了一份聲明,宣揚美國就業市場正在強勢復蘇,并將最近的物價上漲歸咎于俄羅斯。

          “本月通脹的一個重要因素是石油和能源價格上漲,這是源于市場對普京之激進行動的反應,”拜登寫道。“但美國人民要知道一點:我們對普京及其親信施加的代價,遠比我們面臨的代價更具破壞性。”(財富中文網)

          譯者:劉進龍

          審校:汪皓

          Consumers were hit hard by rising prices in February as inflation rose to a level not seen in more than four decades.

          The Consumer Price Index (CPI), which measures a wide-ranging basket of goods and services used by the average American, jumped 7.9% over the last year, the highest rate since January of 1982, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

          Consumer prices jumped 0.8% in February alone. That’s higher than previous estimates from economists surveyed by Dow Jones, who had predicted a 0.7% monthly rise in consumer prices and 7.8% year-over-year gain, CNBC reported.

          Food prices were a big contributor to inflation, as food costs at home rose 8.6% over the past year, buoyed by the fastest monthly gains since April 2020 at the start of the pandemic.

          The energy index also skyrocketed a whopping 25.6% year-over-year, and 3.5% in February alone, as many economists predict the figure will only move higher.

          But while volatile food and gas prices did contribute to rising inflation, core inflation, which measures changes in the CPI without energy and food, rose 6.4%, showing that prices are up across the board.

          Economists warned this might not be the end of rising costs for consumers.

          “It was hoped a few weeks ago that these readings would mark the high of this inflation episode. No longer,” Mohamed El-Erian, President at Queen’s College Cambridge and senior adviser at Gramercy Funds, wrote on Thursday. “With so many price pressures in the pipeline, even this 40-year high print will go higher.”

          Russia invaded Ukraine at the end of February, so experts are warning the latest inflation numbers likely don’t fully encapsulate the economic mayhem that is causing worldwide.

          “We thought that inflation would come down, especially due to the untangling of the global supply chain, but we don’t know how what’s happening in Ukraine will re-tangle that,” Joel Naroff, chief economist at Naroff Economics LLC, told the WSJ on Thursday.

          After the invasion, gas prices have only gotten worse, and are likely to push next month’s inflation numbers even higher.

          "Thursday's inflation data is continued confirmation that inflation is not transitory and has not peaked,” Robert Schein, CIO of Blanke Schein Wealth Management, told Yahoo Finance. “Thursday's data is for February, which does not account for the early March spike in oil prices."

          And even though prices are higher, it doesn’t look like wages are keeping pace.

          Inflation-adjusted average hourly earnings took a 0.8% hit in February as a result of rising consumer prices, adding to a 2.6% decline over the past year, according to data from the BLS.

          “Robust pay increases have been no match for the higher costs households are facing on rent, food, electricity, gasoline, and a pervasive list of both goods and services," Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate, wrote in an email on Tuesday. "The buying power of Americans is being squeezed more and more each day, and you see this reality reflected in the dour consumer sentiment readings.”

          Vehicle costs, which have driven inflation over the past year, did show some signs of slowing. Used car and truck prices were down 0.2% month-over-month in their first monthly decline since September of 2021. Still, prices are up an incredible 41.2% over the past year, with new car prices also causing pain for the consumer, up 12.4% on an annual basis.

          Airfares also more than doubled their January monthly gains, rising 5.2% over the year as fading Omicron fears and easing restrictions led to increased air travel. Those prices are likely to go up even more, as the price of jet fuel is expected to increase significantly over the next few months following sanctions on Russian oil.

          Housing costs also jumped in February, increasing by 4.7% compared to a year ago.

          President Biden released a statement soon after the new inflation numbers were released Thursday morning touting a strong jobs recovery and pointing the finger at Russia for the latest price increases.

          “A large contributor to inflation this month was an increase in gas and energy prices as markets reacted to Putin’s aggressive actions,” Biden wrote. “Americans can know this: the costs we are imposing on Putin and his cronies are far more devastating than the costs we are facing.”

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