
老話說,沉默是金。但是育兒專家指出,這個(gè)道理不能用在懲罰孩子上。
心理醫(yī)生、育兒話題網(wǎng)紅基爾?蓋恩斯指出:“如果你想用沉默來懲罰孩子,來疏遠(yuǎn)孩子,或者想用沉默來讓他接受某個(gè)觀點(diǎn),或者你想用沉默來改變孩子的某種行為,這可能不是一種最好的方法。”
青少年心理學(xué)家芭芭拉?格林伯格也表示,如果孩子因?yàn)槟臣氯桥四悖銢Q定對(duì)他施加冷暴力,“這是最壞的懲罰方法之一,因?yàn)樗鼘?shí)際上是在告訴孩子,‘我現(xiàn)在完全無視你,你都不值得我看你一眼或者跟你說話。這會(huì)讓孩子產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的羞恥感。”
格林伯格還指出,你的冷暴力只會(huì)教會(huì)孩子,“如果你在生活中與人發(fā)生沖突,你就直接不理他們。”
當(dāng)你的孩子做錯(cuò)事惹怒了你,溝通才是最有意義,也最容易讓孩子共情的教育方式,而冷暴力是絕不可取的。原因如下。
孩子可能根本不懂你為什么要冷暴力
蓋恩斯表示:“當(dāng)你用冷暴力懲罰孩子時(shí),你很可能高估了孩子對(duì)你的這種行為的理解能力。”如果你不與孩子進(jìn)行明確的溝通,孩子只能自己揣測(cè)你的行為動(dòng)機(jī)。“所以他們很可能不明白你在教育他們什么。”
有的時(shí)候,孩子表現(xiàn)出來的那種讓你氣不打一處來的樣子——比如暴躁、固執(zhí)、自私自利等等,很可恰恰是他們“極度需要親密關(guān)系”的表現(xiàn)。
如果你用冷暴力回應(yīng)這種情感需求,結(jié)果只會(huì)適得其反,讓孩子與你產(chǎn)生疏離感。蓋恩斯表示:“在孩子的認(rèn)知里,與父母的疏離感就是一種傷害。”
不溝通就不明白孩子的問題所在
當(dāng)然,有時(shí)候,你的孩子把房間弄得亂七八糟,還用力摔門,你肯定不會(huì)覺得他們這是在表達(dá)自己對(duì)親密關(guān)系的需求。但是你作為一個(gè)成年人,還是需要嘗試與孩子進(jìn)行明確的溝通,而不是以冷暴力對(duì)待。
格林伯格表示:“你要給孩子充分的空間去解釋,因?yàn)槔斫夂⒆幼龀霾划?dāng)行為的動(dòng)機(jī)是很重要的。”
開放的雙向交流不僅能讓你了解和孩子之間到底發(fā)生了什么,也能讓孩子有機(jī)會(huì)反思自己的行為。
格林伯格表示:“有時(shí)我們只是直接懲罰了孩子,而沒有讓他們?nèi)ニ伎急澈蟮脑颉!倍瓦@件事情展開討論,才讓雙方都從這件事中有所收獲。
冷暴力不會(huì)讓孩子產(chǎn)生健康的行為習(xí)慣
對(duì)孩子采取冷暴力,不僅無助于解決當(dāng)下的問題,孩子也不會(huì)從你的做法中學(xué)到什么教訓(xùn)。
格林伯格表示:“你的冷暴力只會(huì)讓他們傾向于逃避沖突,而且還會(huì)讓他們對(duì)沖突感到恐懼。這樣他們就會(huì)害怕得罪別人,從而有可能變得更加不善于溝通。”
蓋恩斯指出,當(dāng)你的孩子成年后,需要面對(duì)自身的挑戰(zhàn),解決自己的人際關(guān)系問題時(shí),他們?cè)谌穗H關(guān)系的處理上很可能會(huì)下意識(shí)地采用最熟悉的模式,也就是自己的童年經(jīng)歷過的模式。如果他們童年遭遇最多的是冷暴力,“那么他們可能就會(huì)覺得,‘不回應(yīng)也是一種回應(yīng)’。但是冷暴力不是一種回應(yīng),如果一個(gè)人不理你,你就根本不知道這個(gè)人是什么意思。”
而且,一個(gè)孩子如果習(xí)慣了冷暴力,那么等他長(zhǎng)大以后,他可能也很難說出一些可能很重要,但是明顯會(huì)令對(duì)方不適的話,比如“你傷害了我的感情”,“我不舒服”,“我不喜歡這樣”,“這樣不好”等等。
蓋恩斯指出,這樣一來,你的孩子“可能會(huì)變成一個(gè)一肚子怨氣和不滿的人,他們對(duì)別人是有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,但是這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自己又從來不說,但是一旦別人達(dá)到他們的預(yù)期,就會(huì)懲罰別人。”
冷暴力唯一的正確用法
蓋恩斯表示:“如果你之所以選擇以沉默對(duì)待孩子,是因?yàn)槟阋碜约旱乃季w,或者是因?yàn)樗麆倓傉f了非常傷人或者非常有挑釁性的話,而你的第一反應(yīng)是不要激化矛盾,那我認(rèn)為這是可以的。”但你一定要明確告訴孩子,你需要一點(diǎn)時(shí)間冷靜,并且很快就會(huì)和他溝通。
蓋因斯說,每當(dāng)他3歲的女兒亂發(fā)脾氣時(shí),他就會(huì)先在她身邊坐一會(huì)兒,然后說:“寶貝,我非常愛你,但是我現(xiàn)在沒法跟你溝通。”然后他就會(huì)走開一會(huì)兒,不理會(huì)她的撒潑。但是蓋因斯也強(qiáng)調(diào),“他不會(huì)為了忽視而忽視她。”
格林伯格認(rèn)為,父母是有權(quán)力生氣和不滿的。“如果你覺得自己實(shí)在是受不了了,那就暫時(shí)后退一步,過一會(huì)兒再跟孩子說你為什么生氣,然后給孩子一個(gè)表達(dá)的機(jī)會(huì)。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)這只是一場(chǎng)誤會(huì)。”
生氣時(shí)除了冷暴力還能做什么
蓋恩斯表示,相比于冷暴力,更好的方法是放下父母的“超級(jí)英雄偽裝”,如果孩子讓你生氣或者難過了,就坦誠(chéng)地與孩子溝通,告訴他你為什么生氣。
比如你可以說:“寶貝,你說的那句話傷害了我的感情,我需要一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來整理情緒。”如果你把自己的想法大聲說出來,孩子就不用猜你為什么會(huì)沉默了。
蓋恩斯表示,如果你這樣做了,那么你不光給孩子樹立了一個(gè)健康地處理情緒問題的榜樣,還讓孩子走進(jìn)了你的內(nèi)心。“你選擇跟孩子溝通和交流,這樣他們就不用猜了,因?yàn)樵诤⒆拥男哪恐校麄儠?huì)默認(rèn)‘這是我的錯(cuò)’。當(dāng)然,就算你跟他們溝通了,他們可能還會(huì)有這種感覺。但現(xiàn)在你起碼與孩子進(jìn)行了明確的溝通。”
最后,格林伯格總結(jié)道:“如果你想教育孩子,就跟他們好好溝通。如果你覺得你必須要懲罰或者羞辱孩子了,再對(duì)他們進(jìn)行冷暴力。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
老話說,沉默是金。但是育兒專家指出,這個(gè)道理不能用在懲罰孩子上。
心理醫(yī)生、育兒話題網(wǎng)紅基爾?蓋恩斯指出:“如果你想用沉默來懲罰孩子,來疏遠(yuǎn)孩子,或者想用沉默來讓他接受某個(gè)觀點(diǎn),或者你想用沉默來改變孩子的某種行為,這可能不是一種最好的方法。”
青少年心理學(xué)家芭芭拉?格林伯格也表示,如果孩子因?yàn)槟臣氯桥四悖銢Q定對(duì)他施加冷暴力,“這是最壞的懲罰方法之一,因?yàn)樗鼘?shí)際上是在告訴孩子,‘我現(xiàn)在完全無視你,你都不值得我看你一眼或者跟你說話。這會(huì)讓孩子產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的羞恥感。”
格林伯格還指出,你的冷暴力只會(huì)教會(huì)孩子,“如果你在生活中與人發(fā)生沖突,你就直接不理他們。”
當(dāng)你的孩子做錯(cuò)事惹怒了你,溝通才是最有意義,也最容易讓孩子共情的教育方式,而冷暴力是絕不可取的。原因如下。
孩子可能根本不懂你為什么要冷暴力
蓋恩斯表示:“當(dāng)你用冷暴力懲罰孩子時(shí),你很可能高估了孩子對(duì)你的這種行為的理解能力。”如果你不與孩子進(jìn)行明確的溝通,孩子只能自己揣測(cè)你的行為動(dòng)機(jī)。“所以他們很可能不明白你在教育他們什么。”
有的時(shí)候,孩子表現(xiàn)出來的那種讓你氣不打一處來的樣子——比如暴躁、固執(zhí)、自私自利等等,很可恰恰是他們“極度需要親密關(guān)系”的表現(xiàn)。
如果你用冷暴力回應(yīng)這種情感需求,結(jié)果只會(huì)適得其反,讓孩子與你產(chǎn)生疏離感。蓋恩斯表示:“在孩子的認(rèn)知里,與父母的疏離感就是一種傷害。”
不溝通就不明白孩子的問題所在
當(dāng)然,有時(shí)候,你的孩子把房間弄得亂七八糟,還用力摔門,你肯定不會(huì)覺得他們這是在表達(dá)自己對(duì)親密關(guān)系的需求。但是你作為一個(gè)成年人,還是需要嘗試與孩子進(jìn)行明確的溝通,而不是以冷暴力對(duì)待。
格林伯格表示:“你要給孩子充分的空間去解釋,因?yàn)槔斫夂⒆幼龀霾划?dāng)行為的動(dòng)機(jī)是很重要的。”
開放的雙向交流不僅能讓你了解和孩子之間到底發(fā)生了什么,也能讓孩子有機(jī)會(huì)反思自己的行為。
格林伯格表示:“有時(shí)我們只是直接懲罰了孩子,而沒有讓他們?nèi)ニ伎急澈蟮脑颉!倍瓦@件事情展開討論,才讓雙方都從這件事中有所收獲。
冷暴力不會(huì)讓孩子產(chǎn)生健康的行為習(xí)慣
對(duì)孩子采取冷暴力,不僅無助于解決當(dāng)下的問題,孩子也不會(huì)從你的做法中學(xué)到什么教訓(xùn)。
格林伯格表示:“你的冷暴力只會(huì)讓他們傾向于逃避沖突,而且還會(huì)讓他們對(duì)沖突感到恐懼。這樣他們就會(huì)害怕得罪別人,從而有可能變得更加不善于溝通。”
蓋恩斯指出,當(dāng)你的孩子成年后,需要面對(duì)自身的挑戰(zhàn),解決自己的人際關(guān)系問題時(shí),他們?cè)谌穗H關(guān)系的處理上很可能會(huì)下意識(shí)地采用最熟悉的模式,也就是自己的童年經(jīng)歷過的模式。如果他們童年遭遇最多的是冷暴力,“那么他們可能就會(huì)覺得,‘不回應(yīng)也是一種回應(yīng)’。但是冷暴力不是一種回應(yīng),如果一個(gè)人不理你,你就根本不知道這個(gè)人是什么意思。”
而且,一個(gè)孩子如果習(xí)慣了冷暴力,那么等他長(zhǎng)大以后,他可能也很難說出一些可能很重要,但是明顯會(huì)令對(duì)方不適的話,比如“你傷害了我的感情”,“我不舒服”,“我不喜歡這樣”,“這樣不好”等等。
蓋恩斯指出,這樣一來,你的孩子“可能會(huì)變成一個(gè)一肚子怨氣和不滿的人,他們對(duì)別人是有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,但是這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自己又從來不說,但是一旦別人達(dá)到他們的預(yù)期,就會(huì)懲罰別人。”
冷暴力唯一的正確用法
蓋恩斯表示:“如果你之所以選擇以沉默對(duì)待孩子,是因?yàn)槟阋碜约旱乃季w,或者是因?yàn)樗麆倓傉f了非常傷人或者非常有挑釁性的話,而你的第一反應(yīng)是不要激化矛盾,那我認(rèn)為這是可以的。”但你一定要明確告訴孩子,你需要一點(diǎn)時(shí)間冷靜,并且很快就會(huì)和他溝通。
蓋因斯說,每當(dāng)他3歲的女兒亂發(fā)脾氣時(shí),他就會(huì)先在她身邊坐一會(huì)兒,然后說:“寶貝,我非常愛你,但是我現(xiàn)在沒法跟你溝通。”然后他就會(huì)走開一會(huì)兒,不理會(huì)她的撒潑。但是蓋因斯也強(qiáng)調(diào),“他不會(huì)為了忽視而忽視她。”
格林伯格認(rèn)為,父母是有權(quán)力生氣和不滿的。“如果你覺得自己實(shí)在是受不了了,那就暫時(shí)后退一步,過一會(huì)兒再跟孩子說你為什么生氣,然后給孩子一個(gè)表達(dá)的機(jī)會(huì)。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)這只是一場(chǎng)誤會(huì)。”
生氣時(shí)除了冷暴力還能做什么
蓋恩斯表示,相比于冷暴力,更好的方法是放下父母的“超級(jí)英雄偽裝”,如果孩子讓你生氣或者難過了,就坦誠(chéng)地與孩子溝通,告訴他你為什么生氣。
比如你可以說:“寶貝,你說的那句話傷害了我的感情,我需要一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來整理情緒。”如果你把自己的想法大聲說出來,孩子就不用猜你為什么會(huì)沉默了。
蓋恩斯表示,如果你這樣做了,那么你不光給孩子樹立了一個(gè)健康地處理情緒問題的榜樣,還讓孩子走進(jìn)了你的內(nèi)心。“你選擇跟孩子溝通和交流,這樣他們就不用猜了,因?yàn)樵诤⒆拥男哪恐校麄儠?huì)默認(rèn)‘這是我的錯(cuò)’。當(dāng)然,就算你跟他們溝通了,他們可能還會(huì)有這種感覺。但現(xiàn)在你起碼與孩子進(jìn)行了明確的溝通。”
最后,格林伯格總結(jié)道:“如果你想教育孩子,就跟他們好好溝通。如果你覺得你必須要懲罰或者羞辱孩子了,再對(duì)他們進(jìn)行冷暴力。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
Silence is golden—except when it’s used as punishment, parenting experts warn.
“If the purpose of the silence is to punish or distance or prove a point to the kid, or if it’s an attempt at some type of behavior modification, then no, that probably isn’t the best approach,” says Kier Gaines, licensed therapist, father, and parenting influencer.
Giving your kid the silent treatment when you’re angry about something, adds adolescent psychologist Barbara Greenberg, “is one of the worst types of punishment, because it is basically telling your kid, ‘I’m totally dismissing you. You’re not even worth talking to or looking at,’ and it induces so much shame.”
Not to mention, she adds, what it teaches your child: “If there’s any conflict with anyone in life, you just get rid of them.”
Below, everything you need to know about why communication—not silence—is the most compassionate, instructional path to take when you’re angry with your kid.
Your child may not understand why you’re icing them
“When you punish the kids with silence, you kind of overestimate that they’ll understand the point of the silence,” says Gaines, explaining that, by not communicating clearly, your child is left to figure out your behavior on their own. “So they are most likely not going to get the lesson you’re trying to teach.”
And sometimes when kids are acting in a way that enrages you—being “prickly or obtuse or just mean little money-grubbers”— it’s because they “desperately need closeness.”
Meeting that need with silence, he says, offers the opposite: distance. “And distance, in the mind of a child, is a hurtful thing to endure,” Gaines says.
If you don’t communicate, you won’t learn what’s going on with your kid
Sure, your child’s not being clear and direct about wanting closeness when they make a mess and slam their door. But you, as an adult, need to try clear communication, not silence.
“Give the kid a lot of room to explain things, because it’s important to understand the child’s motive for doing something that’s problematic,” says Greenberg.
That open back-and-forth will not only help you to understand what’s going on with your child, but give your child a chance to reflect on their behavior.
“Sometimes we just give them consequences but don’t let them think about it,” she says. Having a discussion can give you both a chance to process.
Silent treatment does not model healthy behavior
Just as problematic as the results of freezing your child out in the moment are the lessons he or she will take from your behavior.
“It teaches them not only to be conflict-avoidant, but makes them conflict-terrified,” says Greenberg, “and it makes them afraid to upset anybody, perhaps also teaching them to communicate less.”
When your kids become adults navigating their own challenges and relationships, says Gaines, they are likely to default to what’s most familiar, or what they received as a kid. If that is to give the silent treatment when there’s a conflict, “it can make them an adult who thinks that no response is a response,” he says. “But it’s not a response. You have no idea what that person means by the silence.”
It could all have the effect of turning a child into an adult who has a hard time saying the important and uncomfortable things—”You hurt my feelings,” “This is uncomfortable,” “I don’t really like this,” “I’m not okay,” he says.
And being that way, Gaines adds, “Can turn someone into a spiteful and regretful person who holds people to standards that they never communicate—and then punishes them when they don’t meet those expectations.”
The one acceptable use of silence
“If you are ignoring your child because you need to gather your thoughts or because they’ve just said something very hurtful or provocative, and your initial reaction is that you want to let something simmer for a little bit before you serve it, I think that’s okay,” says Gaines. Just be clear about needing to take that beat, and that you’ll be able to speak to them shortly.
Sometimes when his 3-year-old daughter throws tantrums, for example, he’ll sit with her a bit before saying, “‘Baby, I love you so much, but I can’t do this right now,’ and I’ll walk away and ignore the tantrum. But I don’t just ignore her for the sake of ignoring her.”
Because parents do have a right to be angry and upset, says Greenberg. “If you feel overwhelmed by it, take a step back,” she says. “Then explain what’s upsetting and give the child a chance to talk, because sometimes it’s a real misunderstanding.”
What to do instead of silent treatment when you’re angry
A much better approach, says Gaines, is to let down your parental “superhero facade” and be open when something makes you angry or sad. Instead, speak to them about what upset you.
“Try, ‘Hey, baby, when you said that, it really hurt my feelings, and I just need some time to think about the way I feel about that.’ You’re saying the thing out loud, and your child doesn’t have to wonder why you’re being silent.”
When you do that, not only do you model healthy emotional processing, you also let them in. “You communicate and you tell them what’s going on, so they don’t have to wonder or guess, because in a child’s mind, they default to, ‘oh, it’s my fault.’ They may still feel that way,” Gaines says, “but the difference is, you communicated clearly what was going on.”
Bottom line, says Greenberg: “If you want to teach your child something, you talk to them. If you feel you really need to punish and shame your kid, you freeze them out.”