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          特朗普試圖解雇莉薩·庫克,在華爾街看來或為利好

          Eva Roytburg
          2025-08-28

          至少在華爾街,一些投資者并不擔心制度規(guī)范受損,反而對未來融資成本下降的前景感到振奮。

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          美國聯(lián)邦儲備委員會理事莉薩·庫克(Lisa Cook)宣布將就總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普試圖免去其職務(wù)一事提起訴訟。圖片來源:SAUL LOEB—AFP/Getty Images

          特朗普解雇美聯(lián)儲理事庫克,引發(fā)了一場圍繞央行獨立性的法律對決。但至少在華爾街,一些投資者并不擔心制度規(guī)范受損,反而對未來融資成本下降的前景感到振奮。

          “這是非常利好的消息,”基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施資本顧問公司(Infrastructure Capital Advisors)首席執(zhí)行官杰伊·哈特菲爾德(Jay Hatfield)在接受《財富》采訪時表示。“簡單來說,消除美聯(lián)儲的無能遠比捍衛(wèi)所謂的美聯(lián)儲獨立性更重要。美聯(lián)儲一向政治化,只是特朗普把它說到了臺面上。”

          事實上,市場對這一消息反應(yīng)平淡,這令一些經(jīng)濟學家感到困惑。《金融時報》Alphaville專欄作家羅賓·維格爾斯沃思(Robin Wigglesworth)直言,市場表現(xiàn)出“令人難以置信的樂觀情緒”。

          “對制度誠信根深蒂固的期望如今已經(jīng)蕩然無存,”維格爾斯沃思寫道。

          周二早盤標普500指數(shù)和道瓊斯指數(shù)基本持平,而納斯達克指數(shù)甚至微漲0.3%。特朗普此舉后,長期美債收益率上升而短期收益率下滑,導(dǎo)致收益率曲線趨陡,表明投資者押注利率在短期內(nèi)可能下降,但若政治化的美聯(lián)儲減少對通脹的關(guān)注,長期利率將逐步走高。美元指數(shù)則下跌0.3%。

          在哈特菲爾德看來,這正是問題所在。他認為美聯(lián)儲現(xiàn)行貨幣政策過于緊縮,當前政策利率“較中性水平高出150個基點”,意味著貨幣政策對經(jīng)濟增長的抑制過度。

          “如果聯(lián)邦基金利率在3%,而總統(tǒng)要求大幅降息,那才會十分危險,”他說。“但目前遠未達到那種境地。”

          特朗普已提名斯蒂芬·米蘭(Stephen Miran)接替本月早些時候宣布辭職的理事,如果再成功替換庫克,加上此前任命的米歇爾·鮑曼(Michelle Bowman)和克里斯托弗·沃勒(Christopher Waller),特朗普將擁有四個理事席位。這將使七人組成的美聯(lián)儲理事會形成共和黨占多數(shù)的局面。

          哈特菲爾德認為,共和黨占主導(dǎo)的美聯(lián)儲理事會將推動降息。

          “關(guān)稅就像一次性稅收——它在消費者物價指數(shù)(CPI)中出現(xiàn)一次便消失,”他說。

          哈特菲爾德補充道,沃勒和鮑曼在上月維持利率不變的決議中投反對票時,就明白關(guān)稅并非持續(xù)性通脹推手。相反,由民主黨任命的理事卻對此認識不足,導(dǎo)致他們“推遲降息并使經(jīng)濟置于風險之中”。

          “所以,擺脫鮑威爾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的美聯(lián)儲,對股市和債市都是非常利好的消息,”他說。

          短期內(nèi),哈特菲爾德預(yù)計今年至少會有兩次降息,與美聯(lián)儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾(Jerome Powell)近期釋放的鴿派信號相呼應(yīng)。

          “昨夜債市遭到拋售,但如果降息成真,那對債市和股市都是重大利好,”他說。

          獨立性岌岌可危,市場護欄脆弱難支

          其他經(jīng)濟學家則遠不如此樂觀。布魯金斯學會(Brookings)學者大衛(wèi)·韋塞爾(David Wessel)警告稱,特朗普“似乎決心掌控美聯(lián)儲——并將動用一切手段爭取多數(shù)席位”,他稱這是削弱民主根基的又一舉動。

          投行派杰(Piper Sandler)的分析師同樣直言,如果投資者認為市場會約束特朗普,那就是自欺欺人。

          “憑什么相信所謂的債券義勇軍會在危機來臨前警告國會?”他們寫道,并指出市場既未預(yù)見到2022年的通脹沖擊,也未預(yù)見到全球金融危機前的樓市崩盤。相反,他們認為,股市上漲完全是基于降息預(yù)期,“哪怕其中部分動力來自政治壓力”。

          分析師所強調(diào)的更大風險在于制度結(jié)構(gòu)。分析師吉姆·比安科(Jim Bianco)在X平臺上解釋稱,美聯(lián)儲七位理事必須在2026年2月12位地區(qū)聯(lián)儲行長五年任期屆滿時,重新批準或否決所有任命。

          隨著更多特朗普提名者進入理事會,即便是芝加哥聯(lián)儲主席奧斯坦·古爾斯比(Austan Goolsbee)或紐約聯(lián)儲主席約翰·威廉姆斯(John Williams)這樣的核心人物,也可能面臨職位不保,從而重塑聯(lián)邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)的力量格局。

          派杰警告稱,“長期牛市支柱正逐一被拆除”,自由貿(mào)易格局遭逆轉(zhuǎn),而“穩(wěn)健貨幣支柱也正遭到根本性削弱”。他們總結(jié)道,市場難以制衡美聯(lián)儲的政治化趨勢。

          目前市場仍聚焦于短期寬松政策。

          瑞銀全球財富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)策略師烏爾麗克·霍夫曼-布查爾迪(Ulrike Hoffmann-Burchardi)在給客戶的報告中表示,她的團隊仍預(yù)期美聯(lián)儲將在接下來的四次會議中累計降息100個基點。

          “我們將持續(xù)關(guān)注美聯(lián)儲面臨的政治壓力不斷加劇的態(tài)勢,”她寫道,“但預(yù)計短期內(nèi)其決策仍將以其使命為指引。”

          至于哈特菲爾德,他對所謂的“獨立性”并不在意。

          “通脹已經(jīng)得到控制,勞動力市場正在走弱,而我們正走向衰退,”他說。“真正的問題不在于特朗普對陣美聯(lián)儲,而在于美聯(lián)儲數(shù)十年來的無能,市場對此早已心知肚明。任何扭轉(zhuǎn)局面的舉措,都是利好。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

          譯者:劉進龍

          審校:汪皓

          特朗普解雇美聯(lián)儲理事庫克,引發(fā)了一場圍繞央行獨立性的法律對決。但至少在華爾街,一些投資者并不擔心制度規(guī)范受損,反而對未來融資成本下降的前景感到振奮。

          “這是非常利好的消息,”基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施資本顧問公司(Infrastructure Capital Advisors)首席執(zhí)行官杰伊·哈特菲爾德(Jay Hatfield)在接受《財富》采訪時表示。“簡單來說,消除美聯(lián)儲的無能遠比捍衛(wèi)所謂的美聯(lián)儲獨立性更重要。美聯(lián)儲一向政治化,只是特朗普把它說到了臺面上。”

          事實上,市場對這一消息反應(yīng)平淡,這令一些經(jīng)濟學家感到困惑。《金融時報》Alphaville專欄作家羅賓·維格爾斯沃思(Robin Wigglesworth)直言,市場表現(xiàn)出“令人難以置信的樂觀情緒”。

          “對制度誠信根深蒂固的期望如今已經(jīng)蕩然無存,”維格爾斯沃思寫道。

          周二早盤標普500指數(shù)和道瓊斯指數(shù)基本持平,而納斯達克指數(shù)甚至微漲0.3%。特朗普此舉后,長期美債收益率上升而短期收益率下滑,導(dǎo)致收益率曲線趨陡,表明投資者押注利率在短期內(nèi)可能下降,但若政治化的美聯(lián)儲減少對通脹的關(guān)注,長期利率將逐步走高。美元指數(shù)則下跌0.3%。

          在哈特菲爾德看來,這正是問題所在。他認為美聯(lián)儲現(xiàn)行貨幣政策過于緊縮,當前政策利率“較中性水平高出150個基點”,意味著貨幣政策對經(jīng)濟增長的抑制過度。

          “如果聯(lián)邦基金利率在3%,而總統(tǒng)要求大幅降息,那才會十分危險,”他說。“但目前遠未達到那種境地。”

          特朗普已提名斯蒂芬·米蘭(Stephen Miran)接替本月早些時候宣布辭職的理事,如果再成功替換庫克,加上此前任命的米歇爾·鮑曼(Michelle Bowman)和克里斯托弗·沃勒(Christopher Waller),特朗普將擁有四個理事席位。這將使七人組成的美聯(lián)儲理事會形成共和黨占多數(shù)的局面。

          哈特菲爾德認為,共和黨占主導(dǎo)的美聯(lián)儲理事會將推動降息。

          “關(guān)稅就像一次性稅收——它在消費者物價指數(shù)(CPI)中出現(xiàn)一次便消失,”他說。

          哈特菲爾德補充道,沃勒和鮑曼在上月維持利率不變的決議中投反對票時,就明白關(guān)稅并非持續(xù)性通脹推手。相反,由民主黨任命的理事卻對此認識不足,導(dǎo)致他們“推遲降息并使經(jīng)濟置于風險之中”。

          “所以,擺脫鮑威爾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的美聯(lián)儲,對股市和債市都是非常利好的消息,”他說。

          短期內(nèi),哈特菲爾德預(yù)計今年至少會有兩次降息,與美聯(lián)儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾(Jerome Powell)近期釋放的鴿派信號相呼應(yīng)。

          “昨夜債市遭到拋售,但如果降息成真,那對債市和股市都是重大利好,”他說。

          獨立性岌岌可危,市場護欄脆弱難支

          其他經(jīng)濟學家則遠不如此樂觀。布魯金斯學會(Brookings)學者大衛(wèi)·韋塞爾(David Wessel)警告稱,特朗普“似乎決心掌控美聯(lián)儲——并將動用一切手段爭取多數(shù)席位”,他稱這是削弱民主根基的又一舉動。

          投行派杰(Piper Sandler)的分析師同樣直言,如果投資者認為市場會約束特朗普,那就是自欺欺人。

          “憑什么相信所謂的債券義勇軍會在危機來臨前警告國會?”他們寫道,并指出市場既未預(yù)見到2022年的通脹沖擊,也未預(yù)見到全球金融危機前的樓市崩盤。相反,他們認為,股市上漲完全是基于降息預(yù)期,“哪怕其中部分動力來自政治壓力”。

          分析師所強調(diào)的更大風險在于制度結(jié)構(gòu)。分析師吉姆·比安科(Jim Bianco)在X平臺上解釋稱,美聯(lián)儲七位理事必須在2026年2月12位地區(qū)聯(lián)儲行長五年任期屆滿時,重新批準或否決所有任命。

          隨著更多特朗普提名者進入理事會,即便是芝加哥聯(lián)儲主席奧斯坦·古爾斯比(Austan Goolsbee)或紐約聯(lián)儲主席約翰·威廉姆斯(John Williams)這樣的核心人物,也可能面臨職位不保,從而重塑聯(lián)邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)的力量格局。

          派杰警告稱,“長期牛市支柱正逐一被拆除”,自由貿(mào)易格局遭逆轉(zhuǎn),而“穩(wěn)健貨幣支柱也正遭到根本性削弱”。他們總結(jié)道,市場難以制衡美聯(lián)儲的政治化趨勢。

          目前市場仍聚焦于短期寬松政策。

          瑞銀全球財富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)策略師烏爾麗克·霍夫曼-布查爾迪(Ulrike Hoffmann-Burchardi)在給客戶的報告中表示,她的團隊仍預(yù)期美聯(lián)儲將在接下來的四次會議中累計降息100個基點。

          “我們將持續(xù)關(guān)注美聯(lián)儲面臨的政治壓力不斷加劇的態(tài)勢,”她寫道,“但預(yù)計短期內(nèi)其決策仍將以其使命為指引。”

          至于哈特菲爾德,他對所謂的“獨立性”并不在意。

          “通脹已經(jīng)得到控制,勞動力市場正在走弱,而我們正走向衰退,”他說。“真正的問題不在于特朗普對陣美聯(lián)儲,而在于美聯(lián)儲數(shù)十年來的無能,市場對此早已心知肚明。任何扭轉(zhuǎn)局面的舉措,都是利好。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

          譯者:劉進龍

          審校:汪皓

          President Donald Trump’s attempt to fire Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook has triggered a legal showdown over the central bank’s independence. But on Wall Street at least, some investors aren’t worried about institutional norms; instead, they’re excited about the prospect of cheaper money over time.

          “This is very positive,” Jay Hatfield, CEO of Infrastructure Capital Advisors, told Fortune. “The simple way to say it is that eliminating Fed incompetence is far more important than defending alleged Fed independence. The Fed has always been political; it’s only Trump who talks about it in public.”

          Indeed, markets largely shrugged off the announcement, to the bewilderment of some economic experts: Robin Wigglesworth of FT Alphaville argued markets are being “preposterously sanguine.”

          “Entrenched expectations of institutional integrity are now kaput,” Wigglesworth wrote.

          The S&P 500 and Dow traded around the flat line Tuesday morning, while the Nasdaq even gained 0.3%. Long-term Treasury yields rose after the Trump move, while short-term yields slipped, steepening the curve, indicating that investors are betting rates may fall in the near term but drift higher if a politicized Fed proves less attentive to inflation. The U.S. dollar index was down 0.3%.

          For Hatfield, that’s the point. He argued the Fed is already too tight, with policy rates sitting “150 basis points above neutral,” meaning monetary policy is restraining growth more than it should.

          “If Fed funds were at 3% and the president was pushing for big cuts, that would be dangerous,” he said. “But we’re nowhere near that.”

          Trump already nominated Stephen Miran to the Fed board after one governor decided to step down earlier this month, so replacing Cook would give him a fourth voice alongside earlier appointees Michelle Bowman and Christopher Waller. That would tilt the seven-member Board of Governors toward a Republican-leaning majority.

          The prospect of a Republican-leaning Fed board is one reason Hatfield thinks cuts are coming.

          “A tariff is like a one-time tax—it shows up in CPI once and then disappears,” he said.

          Waller and Bowman, who both dissented in last month’s decision to hold rates steady, understand that tariffs aren’t a persistent inflation driver, Hatfield added. On the other hand, Democratic-appointed governors misunderstand that, causing them to “delay cuts and put the economy at risk.”

          “So getting rid of the Powell Fed is very positive for the stock market and the bond market,” he said.

          In the short term, Hatfield expects at least two cuts this year, echoing Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s recent dovish signals.

          “Overnight you saw a knee-jerk selloff in bonds, but if we’re going to get cuts, that’s great for bonds and great for stocks,” he said.

          Independence at risk, with only fragile guardrails from the market

          Other economic experts are far less optimistic. David Wessel of Brookings warned Trump “seems determined to control the Fed—and will use any lever he has to get a majority,” calling it another step in undermining democratic foundations.

          Analysts at investment bank Piper Sandler were equally direct, arguing investors are deluding themselves if they think markets will discipline Trump.

          “What is the basis for believing the so-called bond vigilantes will scold Congress before a crisis is at hand?” they wrote, pointing out markets didn’t foresee the inflation shock of 2022 or the housing bust before the Global Financial Crisis. Instead, they argued, stocks are simply rallying at the prospect of rate cuts, “even if they may come in part due to political pressure.”

          The bigger risk the analysts are pointing to is structural. As analyst Jim Bianco explained on X, the Fed’s seven governors must reapprove—or veto—all 12 regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents when their five-year terms expire in February 2026.

          With more Trump appointees on the board, even leaders like Austan Goolsbee in Chicago or John Williams in New York could find their jobs at risk, reshaping the balance of the FOMC.

          Piper Sandler warned the “pillars of the long bull market are being removed one by one,” with freer trade reversed and “the sound money pillar in the process of being fundamentally compromised.” The market, they concluded, is unlikely to serve as a check on the politicization of the Fed.

          For now, the markets are focused on near-term easing.

          UBS Global Wealth Management strategist Ulrike Hoffmann-Burchardi told clients that her team still expects the Fed to deliver 100 basis points of cuts over the next four meetings.

          “We will continue to monitor rising political pressure on the Fed,” she wrote in a note, “but expect its decision-making to remain guided by its mandate in the near term.”

          Hatfield, for his part, is unconcerned about what he calls “alleged independence.”

          “Inflation is already contained, the labor market is weakening, and we’re headed into recession,” he said. “The real story isn’t Trump versus the Fed—it’s that the Fed has been incompetent for decades, and markets know it. Any step toward fixing that is positive.”

          財富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識產(chǎn)權(quán)為財富媒體知識產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有。未經(jīng)許可,禁止進行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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