
? 特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)認為,人形機器人是決定特斯拉未來的關鍵所在。這位全球首富周一在社交媒體發(fā)文稱,特斯拉約80%的市值最終將來自其自主研發(fā)的人形機器人擎天柱。特斯拉周一還發(fā)布了“宏圖計劃”第四篇章,進一步強調了物理人工智能的重要性。
盡管機器人生產屢遇阻礙,但埃隆·馬斯克對特斯拉的宏大愿景仍聚焦于“減少對電動汽車的關注、全力押注自主機器人”。
這位特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官周一宣稱,終有一天,公司80%的市值將源自人形機器人擎天柱——該人形機器人于2021年推出,旨在承擔人類眼中單調乏味且危險的工廠任務。馬斯克對機器人成功前景的預測,是在特斯拉周一公布其“宏圖計劃”第四篇章之后發(fā)布的,該計劃概述了特斯拉的未來發(fā)展目標。
該計劃稱:“特斯拉故事的下一篇章將助力打造一個我們尚處于初步構想階段的世界,其體量之宏大,前所未有。我們正通過研發(fā)相關產品與服務,引領人工智能走進物理現實世界。”
為專業(yè)機器人植入智能,已成為科技領域領導者的核心關注點之一。英偉達(Nvidia)首席執(zhí)行官黃仁勛(Jensen Huang)同樣將“物理人工智能”視為其四階段演進過程的終極形態(tài),并于近期推出售價3499美元的機器人“大腦”開發(fā)套件,本月起開始發(fā)貨。有分析師指出,馬斯克將人形機器人擎天柱視為特斯拉未來的核心,表明特斯拉也有類似的計劃。
Zacks Investment Research高級股票策略師凱文·庫克(Kevin Cook)向《財富》雜志表示:“埃隆并非唯一一位洞察到機器人與物理人工智能廣闊前景的人。顯而易見,15年來他一直在用人工智能系統訓練特斯拉汽車,因此將業(yè)務拓展至其他自主機器領域,對他而言是順理成章的事。”
對特斯拉而言,實現戰(zhàn)略重心轉移絕非易事。人形機器人擎天柱自誕生之初便飽受分析師質疑,此后也不斷遭遇阻礙。年初時,馬斯克曾預測,特斯拉將在2025年生產數千臺人形機器人擎天柱,并表示該項目長期有望創(chuàng)造超10萬億美元營收。然而今年四月,馬斯克卻向投資者表示,該機器人的生產因中美貿易爭端而受阻——美方收緊了對稀土材料的出口管制,而這類材料正是制造特斯拉機器人內置電機的關鍵。負責特斯拉人形機器人擎天柱項目研發(fā)的米蘭·科瓦奇(Milan Kovac)也已于6月離職。
隨著汽車銷量持續(xù)大幅下滑——7月歐盟地區(qū)交付量銳減40%——特斯拉正全力加速拓展電動汽車生產以外的業(yè)務。據該公司報告顯示,2025年上半年其全球銷量下滑13%,且目前正呈現出連續(xù)兩年銷量下滑的態(tài)勢。
特斯拉未回應《財富》雜志的置評請求。
人形機器人擎天柱面臨的競爭日益激烈
盡管特斯拉尚未兌現其在人形機器人擎天柱項目上的承諾,但人形機器人領域的競爭已愈發(fā)激烈。摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)今年5月發(fā)布的研究報告預測,到2050年,人形機器人市場規(guī)模將達到5萬億美元,未來25年內全球投入使用的人形機器人數量或將達到10億臺。美國人形機器人公司Figure AI自2022年成立以來,已籌集逾7億美元資金,投資方包括杰夫·貝佐斯(Jeff Bezos)旗下的Bezos Expeditions、英特爾資本(Intel Capital)、微軟(Microsoft)以及英偉達。路透社2月報道稱,這家初創(chuàng)公司擬開展一輪規(guī)模達15億美元的融資,若融資完成,其估值將接近400億美元。此外,總部位于美國加利福尼亞州的K-Scale Labs已研發(fā)出一款人形機器人,其單價僅為9000美元,不到人形機器人擎天柱預計起售價的一半。
“(馬斯克)當下在機器人領域面臨激烈競爭,”庫克(Cook)表示,“目前有數十家小型初創(chuàng)公司在做同類產品,不僅成本更低,還采用開源模式——此外還有Figure這類大型公司參與其中。因此,他面臨的挑戰(zhàn)相當嚴峻。”
海外市場的競爭更為激烈。匯豐前海(HSBC Qianhai)8月發(fā)布的報告顯示,2017年至2024年,中國工業(yè)機器人銷量近乎翻倍,從15萬臺增至約30萬臺。中國還大力推進人形機器人的開源開發(fā),這一舉措不僅有助于提升其在該領域的行業(yè)聲譽,還能降低生產成本。
匯豐前海的報告指出:“作為最先進、最受關注的人形機器人制造商之一,特斯拉發(fā)布的生產指引被市場視為衡量人形機器人規(guī)模化生產推進程度的基準。不過我們認為,市場可能忽視了中國人形機器人供應商取得的進展——相較于海外同行,其商業(yè)化進程正在加速推進。”(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
? 特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)認為,人形機器人是決定特斯拉未來的關鍵所在。這位全球首富周一在社交媒體發(fā)文稱,特斯拉約80%的市值最終將來自其自主研發(fā)的人形機器人擎天柱。特斯拉周一還發(fā)布了“宏圖計劃”第四篇章,進一步強調了物理人工智能的重要性。
盡管機器人生產屢遇阻礙,但埃隆·馬斯克對特斯拉的宏大愿景仍聚焦于“減少對電動汽車的關注、全力押注自主機器人”。
這位特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官周一宣稱,終有一天,公司80%的市值將源自人形機器人擎天柱——該人形機器人于2021年推出,旨在承擔人類眼中單調乏味且危險的工廠任務。馬斯克對機器人成功前景的預測,是在特斯拉周一公布其“宏圖計劃”第四篇章之后發(fā)布的,該計劃概述了特斯拉的未來發(fā)展目標。
該計劃稱:“特斯拉故事的下一篇章將助力打造一個我們尚處于初步構想階段的世界,其體量之宏大,前所未有。我們正通過研發(fā)相關產品與服務,引領人工智能走進物理現實世界。”
為專業(yè)機器人植入智能,已成為科技領域領導者的核心關注點之一。英偉達(Nvidia)首席執(zhí)行官黃仁勛(Jensen Huang)同樣將“物理人工智能”視為其四階段演進過程的終極形態(tài),并于近期推出售價3499美元的機器人“大腦”開發(fā)套件,本月起開始發(fā)貨。有分析師指出,馬斯克將人形機器人擎天柱視為特斯拉未來的核心,表明特斯拉也有類似的計劃。
Zacks Investment Research高級股票策略師凱文·庫克(Kevin Cook)向《財富》雜志表示:“埃隆并非唯一一位洞察到機器人與物理人工智能廣闊前景的人。顯而易見,15年來他一直在用人工智能系統訓練特斯拉汽車,因此將業(yè)務拓展至其他自主機器領域,對他而言是順理成章的事。”
對特斯拉而言,實現戰(zhàn)略重心轉移絕非易事。人形機器人擎天柱自誕生之初便飽受分析師質疑,此后也不斷遭遇阻礙。年初時,馬斯克曾預測,特斯拉將在2025年生產數千臺人形機器人擎天柱,并表示該項目長期有望創(chuàng)造超10萬億美元營收。然而今年四月,馬斯克卻向投資者表示,該機器人的生產因中美貿易爭端而受阻——美方收緊了對稀土材料的出口管制,而這類材料正是制造特斯拉機器人內置電機的關鍵。負責特斯拉人形機器人擎天柱項目研發(fā)的米蘭·科瓦奇(Milan Kovac)也已于6月離職。
隨著汽車銷量持續(xù)大幅下滑——7月歐盟地區(qū)交付量銳減40%——特斯拉正全力加速拓展電動汽車生產以外的業(yè)務。據該公司報告顯示,2025年上半年其全球銷量下滑13%,且目前正呈現出連續(xù)兩年銷量下滑的態(tài)勢。
特斯拉未回應《財富》雜志的置評請求。
人形機器人擎天柱面臨的競爭日益激烈
盡管特斯拉尚未兌現其在人形機器人擎天柱項目上的承諾,但人形機器人領域的競爭已愈發(fā)激烈。摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)今年5月發(fā)布的研究報告預測,到2050年,人形機器人市場規(guī)模將達到5萬億美元,未來25年內全球投入使用的人形機器人數量或將達到10億臺。美國人形機器人公司Figure AI自2022年成立以來,已籌集逾7億美元資金,投資方包括杰夫·貝佐斯(Jeff Bezos)旗下的Bezos Expeditions、英特爾資本(Intel Capital)、微軟(Microsoft)以及英偉達。路透社2月報道稱,這家初創(chuàng)公司擬開展一輪規(guī)模達15億美元的融資,若融資完成,其估值將接近400億美元。此外,總部位于美國加利福尼亞州的K-Scale Labs已研發(fā)出一款人形機器人,其單價僅為9000美元,不到人形機器人擎天柱預計起售價的一半。
“(馬斯克)當下在機器人領域面臨激烈競爭,”庫克(Cook)表示,“目前有數十家小型初創(chuàng)公司在做同類產品,不僅成本更低,還采用開源模式——此外還有Figure這類大型公司參與其中。因此,他面臨的挑戰(zhàn)相當嚴峻。”
海外市場的競爭更為激烈。匯豐前海(HSBC Qianhai)8月發(fā)布的報告顯示,2017年至2024年,中國工業(yè)機器人銷量近乎翻倍,從15萬臺增至約30萬臺。中國還大力推進人形機器人的開源開發(fā),這一舉措不僅有助于提升其在該領域的行業(yè)聲譽,還能降低生產成本。
匯豐前海的報告指出:“作為最先進、最受關注的人形機器人制造商之一,特斯拉發(fā)布的生產指引被市場視為衡量人形機器人規(guī)模化生產推進程度的基準。不過我們認為,市場可能忽視了中國人形機器人供應商取得的進展——相較于海外同行,其商業(yè)化進程正在加速推進。”(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
? The future of Tesla lies with its humanoid robots, according to CEO Elon Musk. On Monday, the world’s richest man wrote on social media that about 80% of Tesla’s value would eventually come from its autonomous Optimus bots. Tesla on Monday also released its “Master Plan, Part IV,” which put increased emphasis on physical AI.
Elon Musk’s lofty vision for Tesla includes less attention on electric vehicles and a doubling down on its autonomous robots, even as production for the bots have hit numerous snags.
The Tesla CEO said on Monday 80% of Tesla’s value would someday come from Optimus robots, the humanoid bots Musk’s company introduced in 2021, intended to take on the factory tasks that humans find menial and often dangerous. Musk’s forecast of the bots’ success came shortly after Tesla revealed its “Master Plan, Part IV” on Monday, outlining Tesla’s goals for the future.
“This next chapter in Tesla’s story will help create a world we’ve only just begun to imagine and will do so at a scale that we have yet to see,” the plan said. “We are building the products and services that bring AI into the physical world.”
Investment in adding embedded intelligence to specialized bots has been top of mind for tech leaders. Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang has similarly singled out “physical AI” as the final iteration of AI’s four-part evolution, recently introducing a $3,499 developer kit for robot “brains” that begins shipping this month. Musk’s emphasis on Optimus robots as the future of Tesla is signaling a similar agenda, according to one analyst.
“Elon is not alone in seeing the big future of robotics and physical AI,” Kevin Cook, senior stock strategist at Zacks Investment Research, told Fortune. “He’s been obviously training his Tesla cars for 15 years with AI systems, and so it’s only natural for him to move into other autonomous machines.”
Shifting gears has not been easy for Tesla. The Optimus robots were initially greeted with skepticism from analysts and have continued to encounter obstacles. At the beginning of the year, Musk predicted Tesla would manufacture thousands of Optimus bots in 2025 and said the project could generate more than $10 trillion in revenue in the long term. In April, however, Musk told investors production of the machines was hobbled by President Donald Trump’s trade disputes with China, which hardened export controls on the rare-earth materials necessary to build the motors inside Tesla’s bots. Milan Kovac, who oversaw Tesla’s Optimus development, stepped down from his role in June.
Tesla’s increased focus on growing the company outside its EV production comes as car sales continue to plummet, with deliveries in the European Union plunging 40% in July. The company reported a 13% global sales decline in the first half of 2025, on pace for a second consecutive year of dwindling sales.
Tesla did not respond to Fortune’s request for comment.
Optimus’ growing robot competition
While Tesla has yet to deliver on the promises of its Optimus project, the sector of humanoid robots has become increasingly crowded. Morgan Stanley research predicted in May the humanoid market would reach $5 trillion by 2050, with the possibility of 1 billion bots being in use in a quarter century’s time. Figure AI, an American humanoid-robot company, has raised more than $700 million since its 2022 founding, including from Jeff Bezos’s Bezos Expeditions investment firm, Intel Capital, Microsoft, and Nvidia. In February, Reuters reported the startup’s potential $1.5 billion funding round would put it at a valuation near $40 billion. The California-based K-Scale Labs has developed a bot priced at $9,000 per unit, less than half of Optimus’s projected starting price.
“[Musk] has got so much competition now with robots,” Cook said. “There are dozens and dozens of small startups doing this for cheaper and open-source—and then big players too, like Figure—so he’s got his work cut out for him.”
There’s even more competition overseas. According to an August report from HSBC Qianhai, China’s industrial robot sales have nearly doubled from 2017 to 2024, from 150,000 to about 300,000 units. China also emphasized open-source development, which could help it garner goodwill in the sector and make production cheaper.
“As one of the most advanced and high-profile humanoid robot makers, Tesla’s production guidance was taken by the market as a benchmark for understanding how much progress is being made to manufacture humanoid robots at scale,” the HSBC report said. “Still, we believe the market might have overlooked progress made by Chinese humanoid robot suppliers, where commercialization is speeding up compared to overseas peers.”