
? 在法國,退休人士的實際收入現已超過適齡勞動人口;而在美國,同齡人卻仍在艱難籌措維持退休后生活所需的資金。在法國,由于退休年齡相對較低、政府養老金支出高昂以及工資替代率較高,如今退休人群的收入已超過在職公民,而法國的政府官員正試圖推動不受歡迎的改革。
在美國和英國,當嬰兒潮一代因無力負擔當前形勢下的退休生活開支而被迫重返職場時,法國退休人士不僅安享晚年,其收入甚至超過了在職人群。
根據《金融時報》對盧森堡收入研究所(Luxembourg Income Study)最新數據的分析報告,法國65歲以上退休人士的收入現已超過該國適齡勞動人口的平均薪資水平。到2022年底,法國退休人士的月均收入約為1,626歐元(約合1,926美元),而目前他們的收入比在職人群高出約2%。
盡管比例不高,但這與其他多數國家退休人士的狀況截然相反:美國退休人士的相對收入比在職人群低約六分之一,英國低約五分之一,而澳大利亞差距最大,低約三分之一。
但報告指出,這并非什么新奇的潮流。在1970年至2020年的50年間,法國18至64歲適齡勞動人口的收入中位數累計增長約100%,而退休人士的收入中位數增幅則超過160%。
當法國退休人士正享受勞動成果和令人羨慕的養老金制度時,全球其他地區的退休人士卻不得不為了維持基本生計而延長工作年限。
為何法國退休人士能安享晚年,而其他國家退休人士卻無力負擔退休生活開支?
在法國,生活成本相對適中,再加上政府優先保障退休金福利,因此,退休人士獲得的收入更充裕。根據歐洲與國際社會保障聯絡中心(Centre of European and International Liaisons for Social Security,Cleiss)的數據,法國養老金制度規定,退休人士最高可領取其年均收入50%的養老金。
退休人士的年均收入,指的是已繳納社保供款對應的稅前總收入,該收入是根據個人收入最高的 25 個年份計算得出的。但需要注意的是,退休人士必須至少工作滿42年,才能領取法國的全額國家養老金。
此外,法國在養老金方面的支出持續增加。據《金融時報》分析,自2001年以來,法國在養老金及醫療護理方面的支出占GDP比重上升約2.9%。相比之下,同類國家的平均增幅僅略高于1.5%。
與此同時,其他國家的退休人士就沒那么幸運了。截至2023年,法國公共養老金支出占GDP比重約為14%,而美國僅為7%。與美國人相比,法國退休人士投入的資金能獲得的回報更多——美國養老金凈替代率平均為50%,而法國則約為74%。美國職場人士在職業生涯結束時的實際所得明顯偏低。
此外,美國人領取養老金的時間也更晚,他們要到66歲或67歲左右才能開始領取社會保障退休金,比法國退休人士晚了好幾年。
美國人正“身陷噩夢”,七旬高齡仍被迫工作
由于擔心儲蓄不足以維持退休生活,加上養老金計劃相對不理想,生活成本高企,美國人不得不延長工作年限。
根據投資銀行D.A. Davidson今年4月的一項調查,超五分之二(約兩千萬)美國退休人士擔心儲蓄不足以支撐他們理想中的退休生活。而經濟拮據也讓許多人在工作數十年后仍不敢安享晚年,約60%的美國退休人士表示希望自己能有一份副業來補貼儲蓄。
施羅德(Schroders)2025年美國退休調查顯示,近20%退休人士正“艱難度日”或“身陷噩夢”,僅5%表示自己正過著“夢想中的生活”。
盡管法國退休人士比往往要工作到70多歲的美國人多享受數年退休時光,但這種狀況可能不會持續太久。早在2023年,時任法國總理伊麗莎白·博爾內首次提出一項計劃,即到2030年將退休年齡從62歲提高到64歲。當法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍也提議將退休年齡進一步向其他西方國家靠攏時,立即遭到強烈反對。法國養老金支出規模已經變得如此之高,以至于這項開支在2024年已占到國防部預算的六分之一。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
? 在法國,退休人士的實際收入現已超過適齡勞動人口;而在美國,同齡人卻仍在艱難籌措維持退休后生活所需的資金。在法國,由于退休年齡相對較低、政府養老金支出高昂以及工資替代率較高,如今退休人群的收入已超過在職公民,而法國的政府官員正試圖推動不受歡迎的改革。
在美國和英國,當嬰兒潮一代因無力負擔當前形勢下的退休生活開支而被迫重返職場時,法國退休人士不僅安享晚年,其收入甚至超過了在職人群。
根據《金融時報》對盧森堡收入研究所(Luxembourg Income Study)最新數據的分析報告,法國65歲以上退休人士的收入現已超過該國適齡勞動人口的平均薪資水平。到2022年底,法國退休人士的月均收入約為1,626歐元(約合1,926美元),而目前他們的收入比在職人群高出約2%。
盡管比例不高,但這與其他多數國家退休人士的狀況截然相反:美國退休人士的相對收入比在職人群低約六分之一,英國低約五分之一,而澳大利亞差距最大,低約三分之一。
但報告指出,這并非什么新奇的潮流。在1970年至2020年的50年間,法國18至64歲適齡勞動人口的收入中位數累計增長約100%,而退休人士的收入中位數增幅則超過160%。
當法國退休人士正享受勞動成果和令人羨慕的養老金制度時,全球其他地區的退休人士卻不得不為了維持基本生計而延長工作年限。
為何法國退休人士能安享晚年,而其他國家退休人士卻無力負擔退休生活開支?
在法國,生活成本相對適中,再加上政府優先保障退休金福利,因此,退休人士獲得的收入更充裕。根據歐洲與國際社會保障聯絡中心(Centre of European and International Liaisons for Social Security,Cleiss)的數據,法國養老金制度規定,退休人士最高可領取其年均收入50%的養老金。
退休人士的年均收入,指的是已繳納社保供款對應的稅前總收入,該收入是根據個人收入最高的 25 個年份計算得出的。但需要注意的是,退休人士必須至少工作滿42年,才能領取法國的全額國家養老金。
此外,法國在養老金方面的支出持續增加。據《金融時報》分析,自2001年以來,法國在養老金及醫療護理方面的支出占GDP比重上升約2.9%。相比之下,同類國家的平均增幅僅略高于1.5%。
與此同時,其他國家的退休人士就沒那么幸運了。截至2023年,法國公共養老金支出占GDP比重約為14%,而美國僅為7%。與美國人相比,法國退休人士投入的資金能獲得的回報更多——美國養老金凈替代率平均為50%,而法國則約為74%。美國職場人士在職業生涯結束時的實際所得明顯偏低。
此外,美國人領取養老金的時間也更晚,他們要到66歲或67歲左右才能開始領取社會保障退休金,比法國退休人士晚了好幾年。
美國人正“身陷噩夢”,七旬高齡仍被迫工作
由于擔心儲蓄不足以維持退休生活,加上養老金計劃相對不理想,生活成本高企,美國人不得不延長工作年限。
根據投資銀行D.A. Davidson今年4月的一項調查,超五分之二(約兩千萬)美國退休人士擔心儲蓄不足以支撐他們理想中的退休生活。而經濟拮據也讓許多人在工作數十年后仍不敢安享晚年,約60%的美國退休人士表示希望自己能有一份副業來補貼儲蓄。
施羅德(Schroders)2025年美國退休調查顯示,近20%退休人士正“艱難度日”或“身陷噩夢”,僅5%表示自己正過著“夢想中的生活”。
盡管法國退休人士比往往要工作到70多歲的美國人多享受數年退休時光,但這種狀況可能不會持續太久。早在2023年,時任法國總理伊麗莎白·博爾內首次提出一項計劃,即到2030年將退休年齡從62歲提高到64歲。當法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍也提議將退休年齡進一步向其他西方國家靠攏時,立即遭到強烈反對。法國養老金支出規模已經變得如此之高,以至于這項開支在2024年已占到國防部預算的六分之一。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
? French retirees officially bring in more income than their working-aged counterparts, as Americans are struggling to find the funds to retire and support their post-employment lifestyle. Due to France’s relatively young retirement age, lofty governmental spending on pensions, and high wage replacement rate, they’re now out-earning citizens with jobs as the country’s officials try and make unpopular changes.
While boomers in the U.S. and UK are being forced to go back to work because they can’t afford to retire in the current climate, pensioners in France are not just kicking up their feet—they’re even out-earning those with jobs.
French retirees over the age of 65 now make more money relative to the average salary of working-age adults in the country, according to a Financial Times analysis of a recent Luxembourg Income Study. The average pensioner earned about €1,626 gross per month ($1,926) at the end of 2022, and currently earn around 2% more than working adults.
Although it’s a marginal gain, it’s the total opposite of retirees in most other nations; American pensioners earn about a sixth less in relative income compared to employed adults, U.K. retirees bring in about a fifth less, and retired Australians face the largest disparity, with a third less in income.
However, the report notes that this is no new fad. In the five decades between 1970 and 2020, the cumulative increase in median income for working-aged French citizens between the ages of 18 and 64 rose by about 100%, while it increased by more than 160% for the nation’s retirees.
While French retirees are enjoying the fruits of their labor and an envy-inducing pension plan, retirees across the world are working longer to simply make ends meet.
Why French pensioners can afford to retire when other retirees can’t
Alongside more temperate living costs, French retirees enjoy more going back into their pockets because the government has prioritized retirement benefits. The country’s pension plan entitles them to reap a maximum of 50% of their annual average earnings, according to the Centre of European and International Liaisons for Social Security (Cleiss).
Pensioners’ average yearly income is the gross earnings on which contributions have been paid, which is calculated based on the person’s 25 top-earning years. However, it should be noted that retirees must work for at least 42 years to receive the country’s full state pension.
And the country has continued to spend more on its pensioners; France has increased its share of GDP spent on old-age benefits and health/care by about 2.9% since 2001, according to the FT analysis. By comparison, its peer average rested at just over 1.5%.
Meanwhile, retirees in other countries aren’t so lucky. As of 2023, France spends about 14% of its GDP on public pensions, while the U.S. spends about 7% comparatively. French retirees also get more bang for their buck compared to Americans—in the U.S., the average net pension replacement rate is 50%, while in France the replacement rate is about 74%. U.S. professionals at the end of their working lives simply earn less back.
Plus, it takes longer to get the cash; Americans can’t access their Social Security retirement benefits until around 66 or 67, years later than their French counterparts.
Americans are ‘living the nightmare’ and working well into their 70s
The U.S.’s relatively undesirable pension plans and sky-high living costs have forced Americans to work longer out of fear of running out of their savings.
Over two in five retired Americans, representing about 20 million people, worry that their funds won’t be able to support their ideal retirement lifestyle according to an April survey from investment banking firm D.A. Davidson. And their lack of money has guilted many about kicking back after decades of employment, as around 60% of retired Americans wish they had a side gig to supplement their savings.
Nearly 20% of retirees are “struggling” or “living the nightmare,” while only 5% said they were “living the dream,” according to Schroders’ 2025 US Retirement Survey.
While France’s retirees enjoy extra years of post-professional downtime compared to Americans working into their 70s, it may not be for much longer. In 2023 former Prime Minister élisabeth Borne first revealed a plan to raise the nation’s retirement age from 62 to 64 by 2030. When the President of France, Emmanuel Macron, also proposed edging up the retirement age towards the norms of other Western countries, he was met with swift resistance. Funding the lives of pensioners has grown so great that these costs accounted for a sixth of the ministry of defense’s budget in 2024.